GeoScience Engineering
RSSEvaluation of Innovative Quality of Business Environment of Moravia-Silesia Region in Pre-Accession Period of Czech Republic into European Union
Igor Černý
With regard to the transformation of centrally planned economy to market economy there have occurred great changes in the business environment under new conditions in the pre-accession period of the Czech Republic into the European Union. The business environment is very various, dynamic and complex. It is influenced by many factors, which can have positive or negative impacts on the environment. These factors can be included into 6 groups. There are business factors, labour factors, infrastructural factors, local factors, price factors and environmental factors. The paper deals with the evaluation of the innovative quality of business environment based on these factors. For this purpose a methodology of the evaluation it is worked out. It is applied to the evaluation of the innovative quality of business environment of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of other Czech regions in the pre-accession period of the Czech Republic into the European Union. Finally, changes in the business environment of the Moravian-Silesian Region after the accession to the European Union are described in this paper.
Numerical Solution of Hard Rock Disintegration Process
Karel Frydrýšek, Horst Gondek
This paper is focused on a numerical analysis of the hard rock (ore) disintegration process. There is discussed the possibility of using computational modelling for the mechanical contact problem between the hard rock and a cutting bit. The bit (i.e. an excavation tool with a flat frontal side and a conical edge) moves and sinks into the hard rock and subsequently disintegrates it. The whole problem of the hard rock disintegration process (i.e. stress-strain relationship, contact forces, reaction forces and fracture of the ore) is solved via Finite Element Method (MSC.MARC/MENTAT software). The rock disintegration process was solved via deactivation of finite elements which satisfy conditions of fracture. Some results (i.e. reaction forces in the cutting bit) are also compared with experimental measurements.
Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Fenton Reaction
Petra Malíková, Jitka Hajduková, Lucie Nezvalová
The paper deals with the oxidizing process (Fenton reaction) at degradation of organic pollutants from stream sediment. Oxidation was performed on sediments from the Černý příkop locality, which run through Ostrava Mariánské hory. It is location, which is negatively affected by industrial activities. The Fenton reaction is an oxidation reaction, when hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer is used. First part of the experiment was the determination of an optimum dose of concentrated hydrogen peroxide. In the second part the effect of time and hydrogen peroxide concentration was examined on efficiency of the Fenton reaction.
Possibilities of Using Tracer Gas
Denisa Fiurášková, Zdeněk Pavelek
The paper describes hexafluoride sulfur ( SF6 ) as a chemical compound and its chemical attributes. It also describes in detail a way of using SF6 as a tracer gas for analyses of mining ventilation. SF6 was investigated by the Bureau of Mines in the USA together with other organic and inorganic compounds and radioactive substances. SF6 was found as a suitable tracer gas. The next chapter deals with the application of SF6 (in situ) at the Frenštát Mine.
Possibilities of Utilization of Sit Program for Optimization of Ventilation In Area Endangered by Spontaneous Combustion
Pavel Zapletal
This article clearly demonstrates on a specific practical example the possibility of using the SIT program, version 2.39, for optimization of a mine ventilation network using control to reduce drafts through caved areas, or in general through rock mass in areas threatened by spontaneous combustion. Before starting to optimize the distribution of pressure gradient it is necessary to analyze the starting position deeply. It means that in terms of the construction of rock mass and its disruption by geological processes and previous mine activities, it is necessary to identify possible mine airways between individual mine workings, which at first glance at the map documentation of mine ventilation are not quite exactly evident.
SPR Approach for Determination of Temperature Water Refractive Index Alterations
Yang Wang, Jaromír Pištora, Michal Lesňák, Jaroslav Vlček, František Staněk
The paper is devoted to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique applied to the specification of refractive index deviation. The main idea is concentrated to specify the possibilities of SPR for the study of water refractive index changes influenced by temperature. Special attention was devoted to the comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions.
Comparison of Yield of Tires Pyrolysis in Laboratory and Pilot Scales
Adéla Čížková, Dagmar Juchelková
The contribution deals with the pyrolysis of waste tires of passenger vehicles and trucks. During the pyrolysis pyrolytic char, oil and gas occur. Within the research a yield of individual fractions determined according to ČSN ISO 647 and a pilot scale test was performed, in order to carry out basic physical and chemical characteristics of pyrolytic char. During the test according to ČSN ISO 647 about 39 % of pyrolytic char, 44 % of tar occurred and by 16 % the gaseous phase was represented. During the pilot scale test the material was pyrolyzed up to the temperature of 600 °C, heating rate was set to 2.7 °C/min and residence time was 60 min. Under the given conditions the tire pyrolysis passes over at temperatures from 175 to 500 °C. We obtained 51.74 % of organic liquid, 39.16 % of char, 8.94 % of gas and 1.16 % of orogenic water. A problem of further use of the pyrolytic char may be a high content of zinc and other ballast inorganic substances.
Industrial Utilization Of Single-Image Photogrammetry
Lucie Stavařová
Single-image photogrammetry is today only a marginally used surveying method. In the project of diagnostics of rotary kilns a non-contact method is searched, which may help and speed up the overall surveying and evaluating work. Thus also a possibility is looked for to use the single-image photogrammetry during the survey.
Analysis and Calculation of Residual Stress in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites
Sinian Li, Yang Wang, M. H. Rümmeli, Jaroslav Vlček, Jaromír Pištora, Michal Lesňák
In this paper we present analysis of interfaces bonding conditions and fracture mechanism in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced by Mg matrix composites. The CNTs play a very important role in stress transfer, because they can bear larger stress in the process of deformation. We keep the hypothesis that the strengthening of Mg matrix composites is mainly caused by different thermal expansion coefficients in CNTs and matrix. For this reason, the model of enhancement of thermal residual stress was proposed; where its magnitude has been estimated by strengthening model formulas. The results were compared with the experimental author’s data from a previous work with good agreement.
Data Collection for Development of Assessment Methods of Firm Roof Failure Based on Mine Surveying Observations
Eva Jiránková, Jitka Mučková
The assessment method of roof failure is based on the interpretation of mine surveying observations depending on the pattern of rock mass. This method conduces to recognize the condition, when a firm roof deformation occurred. If no complete failure of firm overlaying strata occurs, the surroundings of the mined out area is considerably surcharged and the risk of anomalous geo-mechanical phenomena substantially increases.
Research of Application of Dynamic Penetration Test for Improvement of Engineering Geological Investigation Possibilities in Ostrava Basin
Matěj Fuka, Marian Marschalko, Veronika Křístková, Luděk Kovář
The study deals with a dynamic penetration representing a field survey method using which according to a resistance occurred during penetration of rods provided with a tip into the soils being surveyed their selected physical or mechanical properties and layers interface are investigated. The dynamic penetration is performed so that the rods are driven in by hammer strokes with a specified mass and height of drop, during which time the number of strokes is recorded required for penetration of rods of a specified length (as a rule 10-20 cm). A measured characteristics is a specific dynamic penetration resistance representing the tip resistance in the dynamic penetration test. A study localization is bound to a chosen part of the Ostrava Basin. A goal of the study is an investigation of an application of the dynamic penetration in a chosen part of the Ostrava Basin for needs of improvement of engineering geological investigation possibilities in this area, hereat typical dynamic resistances for corresponding categories of foundation soils were investigated.
Area Decontamination for Future Industrial Zone in Mošnov
Andrzej Santarius
Changes occurring in the Industrial Zone in Mošnov, which rest in the preparation of sites suitable for the development of industries, have been slowed down; among others, due to the remains of the operation of the civil and military airport in the past. One of many types of work executed there rests in the decontamination of some parts of the site, old and abandoned facilities serving for the airport operation, utilities and an underground wall. The total area is 26.6 hectares.
Possibilities of Treatment and Utilization of Sludges from Desulphation of Mine Waters
Jitka Hajduková, Jiří Vidlář
In this contribution problems of sludges produced during the desulphation process of mine waters is solved, developed in the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-TU Ostrava. The sludge comes from chemical precipitation of sulphate ions during their reaction with a combination of ions Ca2+, Al3+, OH-, AlO2-. The laboratory tests were done on the mine water samples from the locality of the pit Jirí, Sokolovská uhelná, právní nástupce a.s.. These waters are loaded by a high concentration of sulphate ions (1 100 mg.l-1) and low pH (2,8). The first part was specialized on testing of efficiency of the desulphation method of IEI-HGF, VSB-TU. The next part was focused on a possibility of utilization of the sludges as donors of aluminium ions, repeatedly usable in the process of desulphation.
Traffic Accesibility Modelling of the Municipalities in the Czech Republic
Monika Šeděnková
For modelling and assessment of traffic accessibility and serviceability in the meaning of creation a coherent system a lot of methods is applied that use geoinformation systems such as e.g. analyses of results of Census of Population, Housholds and Flats (CPHF), network analyses, analyses of timetables, applications of gravity-operated models, traffic inquiries, field surveys, records of ticket sales etc. Since 2006 VSB-TU Ostrava has prepared a database of traffic connections for needs of the Integrated information portal of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs ( MoLSA) of the Czech republic and further activities of MoLSA and EO. Today the database involves records of traffic connections between individual municipalities of the Czech republic through the use of public transport for periods suitable for current commutation. Connections are chosen based on several criteria from the list of connections searched out by the Timetables application of the CHAPS spol. s.r.o. company. The database is used for searching job vacancies accessible by public transport from the place of residence on an information portal and also from agents at employment offices, the next utilization is e.g. in the area of assessment of investment projects in a department of labour market analyses. Over the years the database was subject to many changes. Both in searching method and volume of data to be processed. A goal of this contribution is to do a brief summarization of the database development over the years, its utilization in modelling traffic accessibility as well as future prospects.
Dynamic Visualization in Transport Domain
Lucie Hrubá
Cartography as a discipline with a rich history, analogously to other sciences, went during last years through a tremendous development, namely especially due to rapid advances in technologies. The digital technologies cause changes virtually in all scientific disciplines, not excepting cartography. In the field of cartography they bring new methods of data processing and new ways of presentation as well. Therewith a different view of map and reader's relation to map is related. However, such changes open quite new possibilities of phenomenon representations on maps. One of the possibilities is the utilization of dynamic visualization in computer cartography, namely not only for expressing phenomenon dynamics, but also for attracting attention of the user to significant phenomena or objects. Methods being used for paper maps can be adapted and extended by advanced expression means of computer cartography to interpret dynamics of spatial phenomena. In introduction the contribution deals briefly with trends in up-to-date computer cartography. In its further part it then deals with a concept of dynamic visualization and methods of dynamic representation below demonstrated on examples of applications in the transport domain. Transport as a spatial and time-variable phenomenon is a perfect application field for the utilization of computer cartography methods and especially for the utilization of dynamic visualization. We might provide a whole series of examples and suggestions for its utilization, however the contribution does not set the aim of introducing their detailed overview. The contribution is focused on creating a brief overview of techniques of dynamic representation being used for visualization with illustrative examples in the transport domain.
Utilization of Meteorological Radars for Forecast of Precipitation and Visualization of Information
Lucie Juřikovská, Vít Voženílek
The meteorological radar provides today frequently utilized information on the current weather state and development. In combination with the data from precipitation stations it allows very precise weather estimates and forecasts. Theis paper deals with principles and errors of meteorological radars and types of visualization of radar signals and estimates of precipitation totals within nowcasting.
Estimation of Recovery Time and Self-Flushing Outside and Inside the Well Screen
Ondřej Holý
With respect to the detailed survey of underground water contamination, a question arises about the effect of the monitoring well equipment on the representativeness of the underground water samples. The well screen is one of the key well parts. The active and passive sampling in this part of the well has an influence on the contaminant stratification or redistribution. Should we take the original sample, one of the possibilities, according to the author, is to observe the so-called regeneration time. This experiment aspired to determine how great was the actual influence of the well screen and what time delay should be kept after inserting or handling with the sampling equipment. For these purposes, a physical model of the flow medium was built with a well screen mounted. A series of tracing experiments at changing parameters of the porous medium hydraulic conductivity and well screen perforation served to measure the time decrease in the NaCl tracer concentration inside the well screen. The measured data were approximated analytically using the so-called dilution method; the flow speed inside the well screen was obtained as a function of the perforation and hydraulic conductivity of the medium. Furthermore, the so-called drainage effect of the well was taken into account, as it is also influenced by the well screen. It is value was compared with the analytical and numerical solution. The Visual Modflow software was used for numerical modelling, which enabled modelling of the designed equipment and verification of the basic flow parameters of the model. For the given conditions, the drainage effect α = 2,1 was set as a basic value at which the well screen induces zero resistance at approx. 4 % perforation. From the obtained functional relations, coefficients for conversion between the investigated parameters were derived and the tracer delay time inside the well screen. was qualified.. The second stage was the evaluation of the extent to which a change in the natural state failure will manifest itself outside the well screen by inserting sampling equipment. The derived radius of the affected zone around the well screen, which is a function of the volume of water displaced by hydrostatic pressure and the surrounding material porosity, helped to establish the time in which the failure state recovers theoretically. This resulted in the total regeneration time tC as a total of the time in minutes inside and outside the well screen. The paper aims to point to this time parameter, its suitability and possible approach to the determination in place. This is not, however, a valid value or calculation, but experimental data obtained at a narrow-band hydraulic conductivity and gradient, by interpolation and in ideal laboratory conditions. The regeneration time obtained in this way can only be recommended as a rough estimate.
Automatic Retrieval within Water-Related Pictures Database Using Latent Semantic Indexing Method
Petr Praus, Pavel Praks
The Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method was used for the automatic retrieval of similar images within a database containing 232 water-related landscape images. The principle of LSI is the images dimensionality reduction and the computation of cosine similarity between a query image and other images from the database. The optimal image dimensionality reduction parameter k was determined by means of a scree plot, which is used in principal component analysis. Using k = 8, the photographs displaying similar-looking objects were found. Presented results indicate that low or too high k values can cause a loss of useful information or on the contrary a redundancy of information noise in the analysed images, respectively.
Possibilities of Utilization of Gas Reserves in Abandoned Underground as Energy Resources
Zdeněk Trejbal
New problems revealed after finishing outputs in the coal mines in the Czech Republic and in another countries, too. The economic situation at the end of the last century led to an intense restriction of mining and the mines were closed. In many cases, as well in Ostrava-Karvina basin also the mine ventilation and degasification were interrupted. During the closing of the mines, especially the shafts and mine workings connected underground areas with the surface, laws of gas distribution were not respected often enough. It resulted in the known problems of gas emissions to the surface. The closed underground thus represents a gas reservoir where the gas is not only gathered, but also produced. So there is a possibility to use the gas as a potential power resource.
About Asymmetry of a Hypersound Shock Wave
Alexander Shkumatov, Oleg Moroz, Sergey Kendjukh
The analysis of basic approaches on improving of rock blasting is made. The components of an explosive impulse are described. The result is that the technique of laboratory researches of the blast-hole refractor effects on the radial impulse of explosion. The estimation of experiments’ results is done. The results of industrial applications on Ukrainian mines are given. The future directions are planed.
Geotechnical Soil Properties of Podkrušnohorská Overburden Dump
Milan Mikoláš
Since the very beginning of its development the brown coal openwork in Sokolov area has been marked by lack of overburden dumps for piling up overburden materials. Under these circumstances virtually all of these overburden dumps of operating opencast mines were fully or partially built up on a seam area and overlap part of coal reserves not being in the past designed for mining, or with awareness of necessary partial extraction in the future. The overburden dump management works continually with tense balance of discharging areas, therefore it was always necessary to use the discharging areas to the maximum. Many measures were worked out for the purpose. We can say that without these measures we could not solve a whole series of complicated conditions of overburden dumps structure in this area and thus in some degree ensure reliability of dump capacities.
Evaluation of Present Findings of Power Potential Usage of Gas from Closed Underground
Zdeněk Trejbal
Recently a sharp increase in price of crude oil and natural gas has been recorded. The response of the society to this fact is rather embarrassed. We, at the Institute of Mining Engineering, track this mentioned reality and look for ways of moderating the impact of this circumstance. After the intense reduction of extraction at underground mines which occurred after the year 1989 coal reserves at the abandoned mines were lost. However, after closing the mines a gas exit from the underground occurs at a certain development of barometric pressure. In the gas mixture methane is present sometimes in not negligible concentrations. In a series of cases the escaping gas endangered also the local settlement. In order to mitigate the mentioned dangerous situation in the Ostrava-Karvina Coalfield a number of degassing boreholes has been performed. The measurement results at the boreholes led to an idea of possible utilization of the gas as energy resources. However, the new situation in prices of basic energy resources requires this problem to be revaluated and possibilities of utilization of alternative resources from the abandoned underground to be found.
Economic Problems Related with the Elimination of the Adverse Effect of Mining by Stowing the Underground Space
Jaroslav Dvořáček, Radmila Sousedíková, Michal Vaněk
The contribution deals with the stowing of the underground space in underground coal mines. It used to be a part of the mining technology and has also been used as a means of the underground mines liquidation in the Czech Republic. The case of Jan Šverma Mine is described, the liquidation of which has been carried out by stowing all the underground space with a stowing mixture made of industrial waste. The payments received for the withdrawal of industrial waste for the purpose of treatment have covered most of the liquidation costs. This proves that the use of stowing in the mining industry is economically feasible. Thus, negative impacts of mining on the environment can be mitigated.
Establishment of Gas Outlets from Underground Through Accumulative Chamber
Josef Chovanec
This paper evaluates the application of accumulative chamber for finding gas flow relations from abandoned mine through rock environment. It was proved that only in a few cases minimum values of volume flow are registered. This demonstrates that the escape of gas only occurs in the areas with suitable communication.
Modification of The Structure of Ca-Montmorillonite
Lenka Fusová
Clay minerals of the smectite group are distinguished by the presence of different exchangeable cations in the interlayer space. The intercalation of octadecylamine into the interlayer space of montmorillonite in relation to the quantity of added organic substance was investigated and is described in this article. The intercalation was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction.
Recovering Lithium Mica from the Waste after Mining Sn-W Ores Through The Use of Flotation
Radmila Samková
Flotation is one of the possibilities of recovering useful components both at preparation and processing of raw materials, and at recycling and exploitation of a variety of wastes. In the area of Krušné hory occur a number of dumping sites where wastes from treatment of Sn-W ores are deposited, characterized by enhanced content of lithium, rubidium and cesium. These elements are bound to lithium mica – zinwaldite; its recovering is possible through the use of flotation. This paper is devoted to the investigation of factors influencing the flotation process to recover zinwaldite concentrate with enhanced contents of lithium, rubidium and cesium.
Possibilities of Recovering Titanium Mineral from Mineral Pignemt Bolus by Magnetic and Electrostatic Separation
Kateřina Novotná
This paper deals with the possibilities of using magnetic and electrostatic separation methods for obtaining anatas product from bolus mineral pigment. This pigment, containing, among others, iron and titanium oxides, is an accompanying raw material at brown coal mining, found in the vicinity of excavating premises of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin (SHP).
Required Implementation of Geofactors of Rock Workability and Prequaternary Base Type into Land-Use Planning
Marian Marschalko, Peter Juriš , Tomáš Pěňáz
The current technological means in geographic information systems bring new possibilities of implementation of important natural conditions into land-use planning. The paper focuses on two such geofactors, i.e. workability of rocks and Prequaternary base, which are very important for future foundation engineering. At the same time, the study presents the form through which it is possible to provide the information to authorized offices and developers, namely using analyses of the factors through geographic information systems. This helps to determine areas with specified conditions in terms of the geofactors in question and the relevant authorities may be able to provide the information to future developers or may take it in consideration during decision-making on future land use. The studied area (model area 2, determined by a topographic map 15-43-05 in 1:10 000 scale) is located in Ostrava, the third largest city agglomeration in the north-east of the Czech Republic (city districts of Slezská Ostrava, Moravská Ostrava, Přívoz and Petřkovice), which is however most affected of all Czech cities as well as cities in the European scale by anthropogenic industrial and mining activities.
Study of Compatibility of Methods for Liquid Limit Measurement According to Czech State Standard and Newly Adopted European Standard
Lucie Fojtová,Marian Marschalko,Radka Franeková,Luděk Kovář
The goal of the publication is a correlation between the methodology of liquid limit determination using Casagrande bowls according to the Czech state standard being valid as yet and the methodology on a principle of the conical test according to a newly adopted European standard. It allows a better link of utilization of an extensive statistical set of investigations realized for purposes of foundation engineering in past that are available in Geofond for newly conducted engineering geological studies according to the new European standard related to water contents at the liquid limit for wide-spread clay soils. The sample values ranged from 21.49 to 49.56 % according to Casagrande and in the conical test they ranged from 24.11 to 51.07 %. The difference of the results for identical samples reached values from 1.15 to 4.19 %. The studied mean difference coefficient between methods amounts to 2.55 %.